A Pier 39 carousel operator waits for riders at Fisherman's Wharf Monday, March 16, 2020, in San Francisco. Officials in six San Francisco Bay Area counties issued a shelter-in-place mandate Monday affecting nearly 7 million people, including the city of San Francisco itself. The order says residents must stay inside and venture out only for necessities for three weeks starting Tuesday in a desperate attempt by officials to curb the spread of the novel coronavirus. (AP Photo/Eric Risberg)

SAN FRANCISCO - Millions in the San Francisco Bay Area found empty highways, shuttered stores and vacant streets Tuesday as officials began enforcing an order for residents to stay at home and only leave for essential reasons in a desperate attempt to slow the spread of the coronavirus.

Miguel Aguirre, 38, his wife and two children were the only ones Tuesday along a street near San Francisco's City Hall, an area normally bustling with office workers and commuters. He and his wife are janitors at the Boys & Girls Club. They had heard of the shelter-in-place order but decided to show up anyway because they need the money, only to be told to go home by his supervisor.

“It's really a scary situation for us because if we don't work, we don't eat,” said Aguirre, of Oakland, who brought his two daughters with him because schools were shuttered. He already lost his second job at the Hotel St. Francis when tourism conferences began cancelling a month ago.

“There have been days when I want to cry. But I have to keep going. This is a very difficult situation,” Aguirre said.

The measures are the strictest in America, mimicking orders in place across Europe. They raised new questions. What exactly is an essential need to leave home? What happens if you go out for a non-essential reason?

“No one has a clear interpretation as to what's going to happen economically or the trickle-down effect that local businesses are experiencing because of this,” said John McClinton of Oakland.

Under orders issued Monday affecting about 7 million people, including the cities of Berkeley and Oakland, supermarkets, pharmacies, banks and gas stations remain open, along with other essential government functions and businesses. On Tuesday, the counties of Sonoma and Monterey and the city of Palm Springs, with a combined population of 1 million, also ordered residents to stay at home, while Sacramento County directed its 1.5 million residents to do the same, one step short of a formal order.

Restaurants are open only for takeout. Gyms and bars were closed. Outdoor exercise is fine, as long as people practice social distancing.

"History will not forgive us for waiting an hour more," said San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, whose city is the epicenter of the area's outbreak. "This is our generation's great test, our moment to stand together as a community."

Across California, and the nation, supermarkets have been chaotic with lines forming before stores open. Then shoppers jam the aisles and clear out the stock of toilet paper and other paper goods, canned beans, pasta and rice.

"I saw the headline and got this pit in my stomach," Caroline Park said as she put on plastic gloves before pushing a shopping cart into the Berkeley Bowl grocery store on Monday.

At Berkeley's Comal restaurant, owner Andrew Hoffman was giving any remaining perishables to his staff.

“We have 125 employees that all just lost their job. It’s heartbreaking," he told the San Jose Mercury News.

California's national and state parks remained open, but many shut indoor spaces.

The state has confirmed nearly 500 cases of the virus and at least 12 deaths. The virus usually causes only mild or moderate symptoms, such as fever and cough. But it can be deadly for older people and those with underlying health conditions.

Gov. Gavin Newsom had already told all residents ages 65 or older to stay at home and called for all bars, wineries, nightclubs and brewpubs to close. He upgraded the orders on Monday.

Los Angeles and San Diego counties — with a combined 13.4 million people — ordered bars to close and restaurants to stay open only for pickup, drive-thru or delivery.

San Francisco Police Chief William Scott said while violations of the order carry the possibility of fines or jail time, authorities will take a "compassionate, common-sense approach" to enforcement.

At San Francisco’s infamous Alcatraz, tours of the shuttered island prison were off until further notice. Tour guide Manuel Gomez, 49, who supports a wife and two children, hadn’t yet come up with another plan to make money.

“It’s devastating,” Gomez said. “We only have enough savings to last us for 10 days.”

Beverly Hills ordered the closure of all nonessential retail businesses, including those on the famed fashion destination, Rodeo Drive, except for pickup, delivery and certain transactions by appointment.

In Orange County, Costa Mesa's fashionable South Coast Plaza, the largest mall on the West Coast, began a 14-day closure.

The Los Angeles Unified School District abandoned plans to open 40 centres intended to provide a range of services from meals to childcare while classes are suspended. Instead, it will open 60 “grab and go" locations to pick up boxed meals.

The Los Angeles Police Department assigned 50% of detectives into uniform for high-visibility patrols, including at stores with large crowds. Station front desks were closed.

The American Red Cross Southern California Blood Services Region put out an urgent call for donors.

The Archdiocese of Los Angeles suspended public Masses altogether.

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This story has been corrected to show Sacramento County directed residents to stay home.

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AP writers Jocelyn Gecker, Janie Har, Juliet Williams and Terry Chea in San Francisco, John Antczak and John Rogers in Los Angeles, Daisy Nguyen in Berkeley, Amy Taxin in Orange County and Julie Watson in San Diego contributed to this report.

News from © The Associated Press, 2020