In this June 30, 2017 frame from video jets of liquified hog waste shoot from spray guns and onto a field near Wallace, N.C. federal lawsuit starting in April 2018, in the country’s No. 2 pork-producing state is the first of a string of cases deciding whether open-air animal waste pits are such a nuisance that neighbors can’t enjoy their own property. The North Carolina trial’s outcome could shake the profits and change production methods of pork producers who have enjoyed legislative protection and promotion in one of the nation’s food centers. (AP Photo/Allen G. Breed)

RALEIGH, N.C. - A low-cost, high-volume livestock-rearing method pioneered in North Carolina came under fire Tuesday as jurors began hearing a lawsuit from neighbours who say the world's largest pork corporation is endangering their health and making their lives miserable.

The legal action is the first in a string of federal lawsuits against the hog-production division of Virginia-based Smithfield Foods. Its outcome could alter production methods and profits for the company, which controls everything from the feed the animals eat to when they are trucked to slaughter and how the meat lands on consumers' plates. Smithfield was bought in 2013 by a division of China-based WH Group, the world's largest pork producer.

In dozens of lawsuits, more than 500 neighbours say that for decades they have suffered headaches, sinus problems and intense, putrid smells that can't be removed from clothing or household fabrics.

"Smithfield has never done anything to change," Michael Kaeske, a Dallas, Texas-based lawyer, told jurors. "They're not going to do anything to change unless you make them."

The suit heard Tuesday is the first of several test cases against the company. It pits Smithfield against 10 neighbours of a farm raising 15,000 livestock hogs under contract with the pork giant. Kinlaw Farm and its owners are not defendants. Instead, the suit targets Smithfield, which determines the farm's operating standards.

"Smithfield controls what the growers do and they don't have the money to do anything different," Kaeske said.

Since pork producers began dramatically consolidating in the 1980s, sprawling operations holding thousands of hogs generating a small city's worth of urine and feces each day have become standard in North Carolina. The excrement is flushed into pits where it is broken down and then sprayed through a type of agricultural water cannon as fertilizer onto nearby fields.

DNA tests found a type of bacteria originating in swine digestive systems coating exterior surfaces at the homes of all 10 Bladen County plaintiffs, Kaeske told jurors.

Though less-malodorous technologies have been developed and applied at Smithfield operations elsewhere, North Carolina operations haven't changed, Kaeske said. For example, a lawsuit by Missouri's attorney general resulted in a 1999 settlement forcing a company that Smithfield later took over to cut in half the nitrogen applied to fields, at a cost of tens of millions of dollars.

The Missouri solution included covering open-air waste pits, Kaeske said, yet Smithfield's "lagoons in North Carolina remain uncovered."

"They continue to spray feces and urine near their neighbours."

Smithfield attorney Mark Anderson said agreements elsewhere, where temperatures and lagoon construction are different, shouldn't enter into this lawsuit. Jurors should consider only whether the 10 named plaintiffs have suffered so great a nuisance that they can't enjoy the use of their own property, he said. The farm never faced complaints from neighbours or state regulators until out-of-state lawyers showed up to press their agenda, Anderson said.

"This case is about this land, these neighbours, this farm," said Anderson, who practices in Raleigh and New York City. "Jurors know how to separate an agenda and an attack from the law."

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This story has been edited to clarify that it was not the Smithfield company, but a company Smithfield bought, that pioneered the method.

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Follow Emery P. Dalesio at http://twitter.com/emerydalesio. His work can be found at http://bigstory.ap.org/content/emery-p-dalesio

News from © The Associated Press, 2018